Evolution of neurodegeneration in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a monocentric follow up study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of demographic data, motor and neuropsychological function at baseline (pre-tap)

Characteristic	AD− Patients	AD+ Patients	p-value
Number, n	25	16
Females/males, n	14/11	6/10	0.248
Age, years	75.4 ± 4.9	76.9 ± 5.9	0.240
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	8 (32)	4 (25)	0.631
Urinary incontinence, n (%)	15 (60)	12 (75)	0.865
Intracranial pressure, cmH2O	18.3 ± 5.1	18.3 ± 3.8	0.758
Walking speed (10-MWT) (m/s)^a	0.86 ± 0.26	0.83 ± 0.21	0.757
Time-up-and-go test (TUG) (s)^b	15.07 ± 5.86	15.51 ± 5.57	0.788
Time-up-and-go dual test (TUG-DT) (s)	18.89 ± 9.94	20.0 ± 13.46	0.950
Clock drawing (CDT) (value)	2.69 ± 1.05	2.54 ± 1.14	0.765
Block tapping forward (BTf)^#	−0.05 ± 1.03	−0.16 ± 0.77	0.932
Block tapping reverse (BTr)^#	0.06 ± 0.9	0.05 ± 1.23	0.810
Mosaic test (MT)^#	−0.19 ± 0.95	0.22 ± 1.15	0.381
Figure copying (FC)^#	−0.45 ± 1.17	−0.77 ± 1.16	0.514
Delayed figure reproduction (dFrep)^#	−0.91 ± 1.52	−1.85 ± 1.01	0.088

Values are mean ± SD. AD−: Alzheimer negative, AD+: Alzheimer positive. n = number
^#z-value; CDT = clock drawing test, BTf = block tapping forward, BTr = block tapping reverse, MT = mosaic test, FC = figure copying, dFrep = delayed figure reproduction. Differences in the clinical data (sex, type 2 diabetes mellitus and urinary incontinence) were evaluated using Pearson’s chi-squared test. The other characteristics were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance in group comparison was considered to be present at p < 0.05
^aAge-related walking speed: 2.1 ± 0.35 m/s
^bAge-related normal range: 8.2–10.2 s,

ISSN: 2524-3489