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Fig. 1 | Neurological Research and Practice

Fig. 1

From: No evidence for neuronal damage or astrocytic activation in cerebrospinal fluid of Neuro-COVID-19 patients with long-term persistent headache

Fig. 1

NfL, Tau, UCH-L1 and GFAP concentrations in CSF of Post-COVID-19 headache compared to acute COVID-19 and controls. (A) NfL levels in persistent Post-COVID-19 headache were similar compared to mild neuro-COVID-19 and COVID-19-negative control subjects (headache, facial paralysis, multiple sclerosis (MS)/optic neuritis (ON), Parkinson’s disease (PD), epileptic seizure and psychiatric disease). (B) Tau levels in persistent Post-COVID-19 headache were similar compared to mild neuro-COVID-19 and COVID-19-negative control subjects (headache, facial paralysis, MS/ON, PD, epileptic seizure and psychiatric disease). (C) UCH-L1 levels in persistent Post-COVID-19 headache were similar compared to mild neuro-COVID-19 and COVID-19-negative control subjects (headache, facial paralysis, MS/ON, PD, epileptic seizure and psychiatric disease). (D) GFAP levels in persistent Post-COVID-19 headache were similar compared to mild neuro-COVID-19 and some COVID-19-negative control subjects (headache, facial paralysis, epileptic seizure and psychiatric disease), but significantly lower compared to others (MS/ON, PD). All groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test and are displayed as mean ± s.d. (* indicates p < 0.05)

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Neurological Research and Practice

ISSN: 2524-3489

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